Что надо знать, чтобы хорошо сдать ЕГЭ по английскому языку - Модальные глаголы

Глагол

Значение

Настоящее

Прошедшее

Будущее

CAN

реальная возможность совершения

действия; умения

I can/can’t swim.

I could/ couldn’t come yesterday.

I will/won’t be able to do it tomorrow.

неформальное разрешение

Can/Could I use your pencil?

My parents said I could watch TV.

Can/Could I go out tomorrow?

запрещение

You can’t go out!

—

—

вежливая просьба

Could you tell me the way to Trafalgar Square, please?

сомнение, недоверие

It can’t be true.

Can he have said it?

—

MAY

формальное разрешение

May I come in? – Yes, you may.

He asked if he might come in.

We will be al lowed to do it tomorrow.

предположение с невысокой степенью уверенности

He may/might be

having dinner now.

He may/might not have come yet.

He may/might come later.

MUST

приказ, осознанная необходимость

I must learn well.

You must go out.

I had to go to school yesterday.

I will have to learn this rule.

запрещение

You mustn’t smoke.

—

—

предположение с высокой степенью уверенности

He must be right.

He must have misunder stood me.

They must be leaving tomorrow.

HAVE TO

вынужденная необходимость

Do you have to wear a uniform?

He had to learn this poem.

You will have to wait.

отсутствие необходимости

I don’t have to do this exercise.

I didn’t have to get up early yesterday

I won’t have to meet him.

BE TO

необходимость по графику, договоренности

The train is to arrive in five minutes.

He was to do it.

The director was to sign the contract.

They are to ar rive tomorrow

SHOULD/

OUGHT TO

настоятельный совет, рекомендация (следует)

You should/ ought to listen carefully.

—

You should/

ought to visit the doctor.

упрек (следовало бы сделать, но не сделал)

—

You should have read this text.

—

NEED

отсутствие необходимости

You needn’t do this exercise.

You needn’t have done this exercise.

You needn’t come here tomorrow.